We strive to understand the current environment of the city to produce quality research and targeted information that will inform and benefit the residents and businesses of Boston. Our Division conducts research on Boston’s economy, population, and commercial markets for all divisions and departments of the Planning Department, the City of Boston, and related organizations. The information provided in this report is the best available at the time of its publication.

All or partial use of this report must be cited.

Author: City of Boston Planning Department, Research Division.

Date: Fall 2025. Information: Please visit bostonplans.org/research for more information. Requests: Please contact us at bostonplans.org/research-inquiries with additional questions.